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Time-interleaved Analog-to-digital Converters (TIADCs,
TI-ADCs, ti adcs)
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The idea of a time-interleaved ADC (TIADC) is to use a system of M
parallel channel ADCs, which alternately take samples (time-interleaved
sampling). Thereby, the sampling frequency of one channel does not need
to fulfill the Nyquist criterion; however, when in the digital domain
all samples are merged into one output sequence the overall sampling
frequency fulfills the Nyquist criterion. Therefore, sampling with an
ideal time-interleaved ADC with M channels is equivalent to sampling
with an ideal ADC with an M times higher sampling rate. The channels of
a time-interleaved ADC can be realized in different converter
technologies to achieve for example high-rate and low-power ADCs or
high-rate and high-resolution ADCs.
The typical structure of a time-interleaved ADC is shown in the picture
below. We see the analog input signal xa(t), the M time-interleaved
parallel channels, and the multiplexer (MUX) to combine the digital
outputs of the channels. The conversion rate of the overall system
increases by the number of channels M. It should be noticed that each
channel has to deal with the entire analog input signal xa(t), and,
therefore, the sample-and-holds in each channel have to resolve the
full input signal bandwidth.
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Review papers
- Christian Vogel, Matthias Hotz, Shahzad Saleem, Katharina Hausmair, and Michael Soudan,
A Review on Low-Complexity Structures and Algorithms for the Correction of Mismatch Errors in Time-Interleaved ADCs,
2012 IEEE 10th International New Circuits and Systems Conference (NEWCAS), June 2012, pp. 349–352 (invited) [abstr][pdf] - Christian Vogel,
A
Signal Processing View on Time-interleaved ADCs,
Analog
Circuit Design, by Arthur H. M. Van Roermund, Herman Casier,
Michiel Steyaert (eds.), Springer, 2010, ISBN: 978-90-481-3082-5
[abstr][bib][Google
full-text preview]
- Christian Vogel and Hakan Johansson,
Time-Interleaved
Analog-to-Digital Converters: Status and Future Directions,
Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and
Systems (ISCAS 2006), Kos (Greece), 21-24 May 2006, pp. 3386-3389 (invited)
[abstr][bib][pdf]
Book
Mismatch compensationThe following papers deal with
identification and commpensation of mismatches in time-interleaved
ADCs. As the calibration with special input signals is solved, the papers focus on blind calibration methods.
- Shazad Saleem, Christian Vogel
Adaptive
Blind Background Calibration of Polynomial-Represented Frequency
Response Mismatches in a Two-Channel Time-Interleaved ADC,
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, Vol.58,
Issue 6, pp. 1300-1310, June 2011
[abstr][pdf]
- Shahzad Saleem, Christian Vogel
On
Blind Identification of Gain and Timing Mismatches in Time-Interleaved
Analog-to-Digital Converters,
Proceedings of 33rd International Conference on Telecommunications and
Signal Processing (TSP 2010), Baden/Vienna (Austria), 17-20 August
2010, pp. 151 - 155
[pdf]
- Shahzad Saleem, Christian Vogel,
Compensation
of Frequency Response Mismatches in High-Resolution Time-Interleaved
ADCs using a Low-Resolution ADC and a Time-Varying Filter,
Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and
Systems (ISCAS 2010), Paris (France), 30 May - 2 June 2010, pp. 561-564
[bib][pdf]
- Christian Vogel, Shahzad Saleem, and Stefan Mendel,
Adaptive
Blind Compensation of Gain and Timing Mismatches in M-Channel
Time-Interleaved ADCs,
Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Conference on Electronics,
Circuits and Systems (ICECS 2008), St. Julians (Malta), 1-3 September
2008, pp. 49-52
[abstr][bib][pdf]
- Shahzad Saleem and Christian Vogel,
LMS-Based
Identification and Compensation of Timing Mismatches in a Two-Channel
Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converter,
Proceedings of the IEEE Norchip Conference 2007, Aalborg (Denmark),
19-20 November 2007
[abstr][bib][pdf]
- Christian Vogel,
A
Frequency Domain Method for Blind Identification of Timing Mismatches
in Time-Interleaved ADCs,
Proceedings of the IEEE Norchip Conference 2006, Linköping (Sweden),
20-21 November 2006, pp. 45-48
[abstr][bib][pdf]
Compensation structuresThe following papers deal with
low-complexity structures for time-interelaved ADCs. As most of the
time the digital signal should be processed in real-time, we need
flexible filter structures and low-complexity algorithms. These
structures and algorithms build the basis for identification and
calibration algorithms.
- Michael Soudan, Christian Vogel,
Correction Structures for Linear Weakly
Time-Varying Systems,
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 2075 –2084, September 2012
[abstr]
[pdf] - Michael Soudan and Christian Vogel
Low
Complexity Least-Squares Filter Design for the Correction of Linear
Time-varying Systems,
Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Circuit Theory and
Design (ECCTD 2011), Linköping (Sweden), 29-31 August 2011, pp. 690-693
[pdf]
- Michael Soudan and Christian Vogel
On
the Correction of Linear Time-varying Systems by Means of Time-varying
FIR Filters,
Proceedings of the 54th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems
(MWSCAS 2011), Seoul (Korea), 7-10 August 2011
[pdf]
- Christian Vogel and Stefan Mendel,
A
Flexible and Scalable Structure to Compensate Frequency Response
Mismatches in Time-Interleaved ADCs,
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, Vol.56,
Issue 11, pp. 2463-2475, November 2009
[abstr][bib][pdf]
- Stefan Tertinek and Christian Vogel,
Reconstruction
of Nonuniformly Sampled Bandlimited Signals Using a
Differentiator-Multiplier Cascade,
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, Vol.55,
Issue 8, pp. 2273-2286, September 2008
[abstr][bib][pdf]
- Stefan Tertinek and Christian Vogel,
Reconstruction
of Two-Periodic Nonuniformly Sampled Bandlimited Signals Using a
Discrete-Time Differentiator and a Time-Varying Multiplier,
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, Vol.54,
Issue 7, pp. 616-620, July 2007
[abstr][bib][pdf]
- Stefan Mendel and Christian Vogel,
On
the Compensation of Magnitude Response Mismatches in M-channel
Time-interleaved ADCs,
Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and
Systems (ISCAS 2007), New Orleans (USA), 27-30 May 2007, pp. 3375-3378
[abstr][bib][pdf]
- Stefan Mendel and Christian Vogel,
A
Compensation Method for Magnitude Response Mismatches in Two-Channel
Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters,
Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Conference on Electronics,
Circuits and Systems (ICECS 2006), Nice (France), 10-13 December 2006,
pp. 712-715
[abstr][bib][pdf]
- Christian Vogel, Dieter Draxelmayr, and Gernot Kubin,
Spectral
Shaping of Timing Mismatches in Time-Interleaved ADCs,
Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and
Systems (ISCAS 2005), Kobe (Japan), 23-26 May 2005, pp. 1394-1397
[abstr][bib][pdf]
- Christian Vogel, Viktoria Pammer, and Gernot Kubin,
A
Novel Channel Randomization Method for Time-Interleaved ADCs,
Proceedings of the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology
Conference (IMTC 2005), Ottawa (Canada), Vol.1, 17-19 May 2005, pp.
150-155
[abstr][bib][pdf]
- Christian Vogel, Dieter Draxelmayr, and Franz
Kuttner,
Compensation
of Timing Mismatches in Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters
through Transfer Characteristics Tuning,
Proceedings of the 2004 47th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems
(MWSCAS 2004), Hiroshima (Japan), 25-28 July 2004, Vol. I, pp. 341-344
[abstr][bib][pdf]
- Christian Vogel and Gernot Kubin,
Analysis
and Compensation of Nonlinearity Mismatches in Time-Interleaved ADC
Arrays,
Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and
Systems (ISCAS 2004), Vancouver (Canada), 23-26 May 2004, Vol. I, pp.
593-596
[abstr][bib][pdf]
Mismatch analysisThese papers adress typical mismatch errors
such as gain, offset, time offset, linearity, and frequency mismatches
in time-interleaved ADCs.
- Christian Vogel,
The
Impact of Combined Channel Mismatch Effects in Time-interleaved ADCs,
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol.55, Issue 1,
pp. 415-427, Feb. 2005
[abstr][bib][pdf]
- Christian Vogel and Gernot Kubin,
Modeling
of Time-interleaved ADCs with Nonlinear Hybrid Filter Banks,
AEÜ - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 59,
Issue 5, pp. 288-296, July 2005
[abstr][bib][pdf][HTML]
- Christian Vogel and Gernot Kubin,
Time-Interleaved
ADCs in the Context of Hybrid Filter Banks,
Proceedings of the 2004 URSI International Symposium on Signals,
Systems, and Electronics (ISSSE 2004), Linz (Austria), 10-13 Aug. 2004,
pp. 214-217, ISBN:3-9501491-4-7
[bib][pdf]
- Christian Vogel and Gernot Kubin,
Analysis
and Compensation of Nonlinearity Mismatches in Time-Interleaved ADC
Arrays,
Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and
Systems (ISCAS 2004), Vancouver (Canada), 23-26 May 2004, Vol. I, pp.
593-596
[abstr][bib][pdf]
- Christian Vogel and Heinz Koeppl,
Behavioral
Modeling of Time-Interleaved ADCs using MATLAB,
Proceedings of the Austrochip 2003, Linz (Austria), Oct. 2003, pp.
45-48
[bib][pdf]
- Christian Vogel,
Comprehensive
Error Analysis of Combined Channel Mismatch Effects in Time-Interleaved
ADCs,
Proceedings of the 20th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology
Conference, (IMTC '03), Vail (USA), Vol.1, 20-22 May 2003, pp. 733-738
[abstr][bib][pdf]
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